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From: david@uow.edu.au (David Wilson)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.apple2
Subject: Re: Apple2 disk controller questions
Date: 12 May 99 22:29:05 GMT
Organization: University of Wollongong, Australia
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dempson@actrix.gen.nz (David Empson) writes:
>Allow me to step up on the soapbox for a few minutes.

>First: rotation speed and capacity issues.

First, thank you for your extremely good description of disk formats.
You saved me the trouble of researching the numbers an posting my own
(less detailed) report.

>(An aside: the high density 5.25" drive doubles the track density as
>well as almost doubling the number of bits that can be recorded per
>track.  The high density 3.5" drive has the same track density as the
>double density drive, probably to allow better compatibility with double
>density media than you typically get with 5.25" drives.)

High Density (1.2MB) 5.25" disks are a little different. They run at 500kb/s
and at 360 rpm (which incidently is the rotation speed of 8" floppies).
The PC/AT could read DD disks in its HD drive by changing the data rate to
300kb/s

Here is a table of floppy disk formats I have built up over the years
(I must add 21MB and 120MB floptical drives and Sony's HiFD drive soon):


disk	speed		data rate	trk	sector	trk/hd
size	rpm	s/rev	kb/s	scheme	kb	cnt*sz	count	KB
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8"	360	0.167	500	FM	41.67	26*128	77/1	260	SSSD (8)
8"	360	0.167	500	FM	41.67	26*128	77/2	520	DSSD (8)

8"	360	0.167	500	MFM	83.33	26*256	77/1	520	SSDD (9)
8"	360	0.167	500	MFM	83.33	26*256	77/2	1040	DSDD (9)

5.25"	300	0.200	250	FM	25.00	8*256	40/1	80	SSSD
5.25"	300	0.200	250	FM	25.00	8*256	40/2	160	DSSD

5.25"	300	0.200	245	GCR	49.00	16*256	35/1	140	SSDD (1)
5.25"	300	0.200	250	MFM	50.00	8*512	40/1	160	SSDD (3)
5.25"	300	0.200	250	MFM	50.00	9*512	40/1	180	SSDD (3)
5.25"	300	0.200	250	MFM	50.00	8*512	40/2	320	DSDD (3)
5.25"	300	0.200	250	MFM	50.00	9*512	40/2	360	DSDD (3)
5.25"	300	0.200	250	MFM	50.00	9*512	80/2	720	DSDD

5.25"	360	0.200	300	MFM	50.00	9*512	40/2	360	DSDD (4)
5.25"	360	0.200	300	MFM	50.00	9*512	80/2	720	DSDD

5.25"	360	0.167	500	MFM	83.33	15*512	80/2	1200	DSHD (4)

3.5"	300	0.167	250	MFM	50.00	9*512	80/2	720	DSDD (5)
3.5"	300	0.167	250	MFM	50.00	5*1024	80/2	800	DSDD (2)
3.5"	var	var	var	GCR	var	var*512	80/2	800	DSDD (7)

3.5"	300	0.167	500	MFM	100.00	18*512	80/2	1440	DSHD (6)
3.5"	var	var	var	GCR	var	var*512	80/2	1600	DSHD (A)

3.5"	300	0.167	1000	MFM	200.00	36*512	80/2	2880	DSED

(1)	Apple ][
(2)	Applix
(3)	IBM PC
(4)	IBM PC/AT
(5)	IBM PS/2 25,30
(6)	IBM PS/2 > 30
(7)	Macintosh & Apple //
(8)	IBM 3740
(9)	IBM System 34
(A)	AE 1.6MB drive on Apple //

IBM System 34 format 256 byte sectors

	12 * 00
	3 * F5
	1 * FE
	1 * Track#
	1 * Side#
	1 * Sector#
	1 * SecLen
	2 * CRC
	22 * 4E
	12 * 00
	3 * F5
	1 * FB
	256 * data
	2 * CRC
	54 * 4E
	------
	372 bytes = 2976 bits
--
David Wilson  School of IT & CS, Uni of Wollongong, Australia  david@uow.edu.au
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From: david@uow.edu.au (David Wilson)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.apple2
Subject: Re: Apple2 disk controller questions
Date: 14 May 99 02:32:36 GMT
Organization: University of Wollongong, Australia
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supertimer@aol.com (Supertimer) writes:
>Wow!  Ok, next question: how does the Amiga fit 880k into a DS/DD 3.5" disk?

From http://www.blizzard.u-net.com/expand/floppy.html:
  
     As well as the internal DF0: drive, the Amiga can have upto 3 external
  drives (DF1-DF3). The Amiga normally uses Double Density drive (880k)
  but can used specially made High Density drive (1.76Mb). 
  
     The Amiga differs from PC made drives in a number of ways: Paula custom
  chip controls the floppy drives and uses non-standard 11 sectors/track
  format (PCs use 9 sectors/track and is the reason why it is impossible
  for them to read Amiga disks), uses a disk-detection system when disks are
  inserted/removed  and a non-standard interface. Paula cannot cope with
  high density drives at full speed and moved be slowed down to read/write high
  density disks. This explains why Amiga HD drives are much more expensive.
  
     In place of a floppy drive it is possible to replace it with a 2nd
  hard drive or even a Zip drive!
  
  Suppliers: Analogic Computers, Marpet Developments, EyeTech, First
             Computer Centre, Power Computing and many more!

So to add to my table:

3.5"    300     0.167   250?    MFM?    50.00?  11*512  80/2    880     DSDD (B)
3.5"    300     0.167   500?    MFM?    100.00? 22*512  80/2    1760    DSHD (C)

(B)     Amiga DD
(C)     Amiga HD (guessing about the 22 sectors)

I am assuming that standard bit rates are used but this may not be the case
(in order to fit the extra sectors)

Then there is Microsoft's Distribution Format which fits more than 1440KB on
a DS/HD 3.5" disk.
--
David Wilson  School of IT & CS, Uni of Wollongong, Australia  david@uow.edu.au
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From: david@uow.edu.au (David Wilson)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.apple2
Subject: Re: Apple2 disk controller questions
Date: 16 May 99 01:35:57 GMT
Organization: University of Wollongong, Australia
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No one has pointed out the error I made in my table for the Apple Disk ][
specs.

david@uow.edu.au (David Wilson) writes:
>5.25"	300	0.200	245	GCR	49.00	16*256	35/1	140	SSDD (1)

This should actually read:

5.25"	300	0.200	~255	GCR	~51	16*256	35/1	140	SSDD (1)

This is because the 65(c)02 rus at slightly more than 1MHz, not less. The PAL
Apple // actually runs a tad slower and writes disks at approx 254 kb/s.

--
David Wilson  School of IT & CS, Uni of Wollongong, Australia  david@uow.edu.au
