_THE C++ STANDARD LIBRARY_
by Michael Vilot

Listing One 

#include <string.h> // C library functions
#include <stdio.h>  // are in the global namespace

int main()
{
  char h[] = "hello, ";
  char w[] = "world\n";
  char hw[sizeof h + sizeof w];

  strcpy(hw, h);    // catenate strings
  strcat(hw, " ");
  strcat(hw, w);

  printf(hw);   // output
  return 0;
}


Listing Two 

#include <cstring>  // same C library functions
#include <cstdio>   // in namespace std

int main()
{
  char h[] = "hello,";
  char w[] = "world\n";
  char hw[sizeof h + sizeof w];

  std::strcpy(hw, h);
  std::strcat(hw, " ");
  std::strcat(hw, w);

  std::printf(hw);
  return 0;
}


Listing Three

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> // for EXIT_FAILURE

int main(int argc, char* argv[])    // copy file to stdout
{
  FILE* file = fopen(argv[1], "r");
  char errbuf[80];  // just in case

  if (!file) {
    sprintf(errbuf, "%s no good", argv[1]);
    perror(errbuf);
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }
  while ( !feof(file) ) {
    char line[256]; // hopefully large enough
    char* ok = fgets(line, sizeof line, file);
    if (!ok) {
      sprintf(errbuf, "read error on %s", argv[1]);
      perror(errbuf);
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    printf("[%2d]\t%s", strlen(line), line);    // has '\n' already
  }
  return 0;
}


Listing Four

[18]    End the arms race
[ 6]    Floss


Listing Five

#include <string>
#include <fstream>

#include <iomanip>  // for setw

int main(int argc, char* argv[])    // copy file to cout
{
  using namespace std;
  ifstream in(argv[1]);
  while (in.good()) {
    string line;
    if (getline(in, line))
      cout << '[' << setw(2) << line.size()<< ']' << '\t' << line << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}


Listing Six

#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <list>

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  using namespace std;
  ifstream in(argv[1]);
  typedef list<string> ToDo_List;
  ToDo_List to_do;
  while (in.good()) {
    string buf;  getline(in, buf);  to_do.push_back(buf);
  }
  typedef ToDo_List::iterator iter;
  for (iter i = to_do.begin(); i != to_do.end(); ++i)
    cout << *i << endl;
  return 0;
}


Listing Seven

#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>   // for random access via operator[]
#include <algorithm>    // for sort()

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  using namespace std;
  ifstream in(argv[1]);

  typedef vector<string> ToDo_List;
  ToDo_List to_do;
  while (in.good()) {
    string buf;  getline(in, buf);  to_do.push_back(buf);
  }
  typedef ToDo_List::iterator iter;
  for (iter i = to_do.begin(); i != to_do.end(); ++i)
    cout << *i << endl;
  sort(to_do.begin(), to_do.end());
  cout << "\nSorted:" << endl;
  for (iter j = to_do.begin(); j != to_do.end(); ++j)
    cout << *j << endl;
  return 0;
}


Listing Eight

Input:

1. End the arms race
 2. Floss

Output:

 2. Floss
1. End the arms race


Listing Nine

// todo.h
#ifndef TODO_H
#define TODO_H

#include <string>
#include <iosfwd>   // for istream&, ostream&

struct when {
  int month;    // range 1..12
  int day;      // range 1..31
};
struct to_do {
  when        date;
  int         priority;
  std::string what;
};
int operator<(const to_do& td1, const to_do& td2);
int operator>(const to_do& td1, const to_do& td2);

std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in,  to_do& td);
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const to_do& td);
#endif


Listing Ten

#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>    // for sort()

#include "todo.h"

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  using namespace std;
  ifstream in(argv[1]);

  typedef vector<to_do> ToDo_List;
  ToDo_List td;

  while (in.good()) {
    to_do buf;  in >> buf;  td.push_back(buf);
  }
  typedef ToDo_List::iterator iter;
  for (iter i = td.begin(); i != td.end(); ++i)
    cout << *i << endl;
  sort(td.begin(), td.end());
  cout << "\nSorted:" << endl;
  for (iter j = td.begin(); j != td.end(); ++j)
    cout << *j << endl;
  return 0;
}


Listing Eleven

Input:

Mar 31  3  Get April Fool's jokes
Mar 31  1  Pick up laundry
Jun  3  2  Dentist appointment
Jan  1  1  Stop the arms race
Jun  2  1  Floss

Output:

Jan  1  1  Stop the arms race
Mar 31  1  Pick up laundry
Mar 31  3  Get April Fool's jokes
Jun  2  1  Floss
Jun  3  2  Dentist appointment


Listing Twelve

#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>    // for priority_queue
#include <functional>   // for greater

#include "todo.h"

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  using namespace std;
  ifstream in(argv[1]);

  typedef
    priority_queue< vector<to_do>, greater<to_do> >
      ToDo_List;
  ToDo_List td;
  while (in.good()) {
    to_do buf;  in >> buf;
    td.push(buf);   // sorts as it stores
  }
  while (td.size()) {   // get each item, in sorted order:
    cout << td.top() << endl;
    td.pop();
  }
  return 0;
}